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Export Guide

Plan automotive and machinery exports with a practical guide spanning market research, quotations, documents, logistics and delivery.

11
Delivery rules
8
Verification gates
3
Markets compared
Quick SwitchArchaeology PageExcavation sites and research files
Prepared by Ersin İğdeLast editorial review: 24 July 2026Author and methodology

Practical Export Guide

From Factory to Global Market

The full path from quotation to delivery for automotive and machinery products

This guide brings market selection, product compliance, pricing, delivery terms, documentation, logistics and after-sales planning into one workflow.

General information only; it is not binding legal, customs, tax or contract advice. Verify product-, country- and contract-specific requirements with authorised specialists.

Export Control Tower

Bring product, market and delivery decisions into one profile

This workspace does not validate an HS code or regulation. It organises decision inputs; verify classification, duties and compliance in the relevant official system.

1
product profile
2–3
market comparison
11
Incoterms® rules
8
verification gates
This profile stays on this device.

01

Export Roadmap

Start with the ten-stage strategic framework, then review the six operational decisions from quotation to delivery.

ArkeoExpo Practical Article

Ten Stages from Strategy to Repeat Orders

Exporting is more than finding a prospect list or sending a single quotation. A repeatable export operation is built by managing connected decisions—from product definition and market selection to pricing, compliance, delivery and after-sales—within one plan.

This roadmap offers a ten-stage decision framework for companies preparing to export or seeking to systematise existing international sales. The output of each stage becomes the input for the next; accuracy comes before speed, preparation before outreach and sustainability before the first order.

  1. Complete corporate and operational preparation

    Treat export as a regular business process, not a temporary sales experiment. Clarify the company structure, exporter-association registration, customs representation, internal responsibilities, decision rights and starting budget before approaching the market.

    Checkpoint: ownership, budget and external expert network
  2. Define the product and HS classification correctly

    Review the product's technical description, intended use, composition and HS classification together. Because classification can affect duties, permits, surveillance, technical compliance and documentation, confirm it with a qualified customs specialist.

    Checkpoint: verified product and classification file
  3. Select target markets with evidence

    Import volume alone is not enough. Assess growth, Türkiye's current share, competing supplier countries, price levels, duties, logistics costs, political-economic conditions and barriers to entry as one decision set.

    Checkpoint: a reasoned target-market shortlist
  4. Analyse competitors and positioning

    Compare domestic and international competitors on price, quality, lead time, technical capacity, brand, after-sales support and distribution strength. Use SWOT to explain why a buyer should choose you, not as a generic presentation exercise.

    Checkpoint: competitor matrix and clear value proposition
  5. Separate customer segments

    Importers, distributors, wholesalers, OEMs, service networks, public buyers and project customers do not buy in the same way. Define decision makers, volumes, price structure, technical expectations and communication for each segment.

    Checkpoint: segment-specific buyer profile and offer approach
  6. Choose the market-entry model

    Compare direct sales, distribution, agency, local partnership, trade fairs, delegations, field visits and digital prospecting against the market structure. Make exclusivity, channel conflict, stock, targets and territory measurable.

    Checkpoint: channel model and 90-day entry plan
  7. Manage commercial, legal and financial risk

    Align the contract, payment method, delivery rule, warranty, intellectual property, product liability and dispute resolution. Check current product- and country-specific restrictions and involve legal, customs, tax and banking specialists where required.

    Checkpoint: risk register, contract framework and payment security
  8. Use support alongside—not instead of—your budget

    Support may be available for trademarks, promotion, fairs, travel, overseas units or warehousing, but eligibility and payment timing vary. Do not make the project dependent on reimbursement; build a cash-flow plan the company can carry itself.

    Checkpoint: own-funds plan and verified support timetable
  9. Systematise marketing and buyer development

    Prepare the brand, localised website, SEO, technical catalogue, references and trust signals before first contact. Use a CRM to manage calls, personalised email, LinkedIn, fairs, delegations, trade offices, tenders and lawfully obtained trade data in one cadence.

    Checkpoint: multichannel outreach plan and current CRM
  10. Measure and improve the export plan

    Write down capacity, weekly outreach, qualified meetings, quotations, samples, conversion, sales cycle, gross margin and repeat-order targets. Review results, replace weak channels and turn lessons into a standard process.

    Checkpoint: dashboard, owners and monthly review

Six Operational Decisions from Quotation to Delivery

01

Validate market and buyer

Assess demand, competitor pricing, importer history, channels and payment behaviour together.

Output: priority market + verified prospect list
02

Classify and check compliance

Match HS classification with technical rules, tests, labels, packaging and destination requirements.

Output: compliance matrix + gaps
03

Build the offer and contract

State currency, validity, MOQ, Incoterms® rule and place, payment, delivery and warranty clearly.

Output: comparable, traceable offer
04

Lock production and quality

Agree samples, control plan, traceability, packaging, customer-specific requirements and change control.

Output: approved product and quality file
05

Prepare documents and customs

Align invoice, packing list, declaration, transport and any movement/origin documents.

Output: customs- and bank-consistent file
06

Manage delivery and after-sales

Define route, insurance, tracking, proof of delivery, damage procedure, spares and complaint response.

Output: delivery + repeat-order plan

02

Measure export readiness through evidence gates

The score is not a success or sales forecast. It is an internal working indicator that exposes missing files.

Priority gaps
  • Product and technical file
  • HS classification
  • Target-market evidence
  • Regulation and conformity
  • Cost and quotation
  • Buyer and payment safety
  • Contract and documents
  • Logistics and after-sales

03

Compare 2–3 target markets in one decision framework

You enter the scores; results are not official trade data. Support each score with a source, period and product–HS scope.

60/100
Weighted score
60/100
Weighted score
60/100
Weighted score

04

See unit cost from quotation to the buyer's warehouse

This calculation uses user-entered assumptions. Customs value, recoverable VAT/GST, trade remedies, quotas and local charges must be verified by product and country in official sources.

Printable Project File

Decision snapshot on one screen

Collects product, readiness, market, buyer and cost data from this device.

Product
Not entered
HS code
Not entered
Target country
Not entered
Buyer channel
Not entered
Delivery
FCA · Not entered
Readiness
0/8
Markets
Not entered
Buyer check
Not entered
ArkeoExpo

This file is for internal planning; it is not customs, tax, legal, sanctions or conformity advice.

Records stay on this device. Choose Save as PDF in the print window.

05

Build the outline of a product verification file

The tool only generates control headings; it does not decide regulatory scope or required evidence. Verify against classification, technical use and the destination authority.

Compliance & Document Decision Tree

Generated verification file

11

Every transaction

  • Technical product definition and intended use
  • HS classification rationale
  • Origin rule and proof of origin
  • Consistency of invoice, packing and transport document
  • Importer/economic-operator responsibility

Market/product signals

  • Access2Markets product-requirement and tariff check
  • EU harmonisation-scope analysis; CE only where product law requires it
  • Technical file, declaration and traceability requirements
  • UNECE WP.29 / national type-approval scope analysis
  • OEM/OES customer-specific requirements, PPAP and change control
  • Vehicle/application matching and safety responsibility

! No ‘compliant’ result is issued; a person must close every item with evidence.

06

Manage buyer, payment and sanctions risk in one review

This tool is an internal review discipline only. It does not clear a name match, decide sanctions compliance or provide a credit guarantee.

07

Review country, sector and HS candidates in one matrix

Records are not market-size claims. They connect product clusters, candidate HS headings, likely channels and relevant ArkeoExpo country files as research starting points.

11
Product clusterHS candidateChannelRelated market files
Air spring bellows / assembled air springAutomotive
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

4016.99 / 8708.80DistributorHS validation required
Brake-system componentsAutomotive
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8708.30DistributorHS validation required
Steering-system componentsAutomotive
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8708.94Service / aftermarketHS validation required
Engine oil/fuel filtersAutomotive
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8421.23DistributorHS validation required
CNC-machined machine componentsMachinery
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8466.93 / ürün esaslıOEM / TierHS validation required
Trailer and semi-trailer partsMachinery
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8716.90OEM / TierHS validation required
Pneumatic linear cylinderHydraulic & pneumatic
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8412.31OEM / TierHS validation required
Hydraulic linear cylinderHydraulic & pneumatic
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8412.21Service / aftermarketHS validation required
Hydraulic/pneumatic transmission valveHydraulic & pneumatic
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

8481.20DistributorHS validation required
Cast iron/steel machine componentCasting & metal
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

7325.99 / ürün esaslıOEM / TierHS validation required
Machined aluminium technical componentCasting & metal
Classification note

Candidate heading; verify against material, function, composition and presentation.

7616.99 / ürün esaslıOEM / TierHS validation required

! HS codes are candidate headings. Verify the 8–12 digit tariff code against material, function, composition and presentation through a customs professional/official ruling.

08

Priority Product Groups

Automotive Supply

Powertrain, brakes, suspension, filters, rubber-metal, electronics and commercial-vehicle parts.

Critical: IATF/ISO system, PPAP/APQP and customer-specific requirements

Machinery and CNC Parts

Precision parts, special machinery, gearboxes, fasteners and engineered solutions.

Critical: drawing revision, tolerance, material certificate and inspection report

Tooling, Casting and Metal

Tooling, aluminium/iron castings, forgings, structures and surface-treated products.

Critical: sample approval, heat treatment, NDT and traceability

Hydraulic and Industrial Systems

Pumps, valves, cylinders, hoses, sealing and production-line components.

Critical: pressure testing, safety, spares and field service

09

Document Checklist

No shipment needs exactly the same file; requirements depend on HS code, destination, preferential regime and transport mode.

Commercial invoice

Parties, description, quantity, price, currency, delivery and payment.

01

Packing list

Package and pallet count, weights, dimensions and packing references.

02

Customs declaration

Goods leaving Türkiye are declared to the authorised customs office.

03

Transport document

Bill of lading, CMR or air waybill according to mode.

04

Origin or movement document

A.TR concerns free circulation; EUR.1/invoice declaration can prove preferential origin; a certificate of origin proves non-preferential origin.

05

Compliance and quality file

As applicable: test report, declaration of conformity, material certificate, inspection report and customer approvals.

06

Insurance and special permits

Cargo insurance, licence, surveillance or product-specific permission when required.

07

10

Incoterms® 2020 Decision Guide

Incoterms® allocates delivery, cost and risk. It does not by itself determine payment, title or product compliance.

EXW

Ex Works

Any mode
Seller's main task
Makes goods available at its premises; buyer handles export and carriage.
Risk transfers
When goods are placed at buyer's disposal.
Consider it when
Buyer can genuinely manage loading and export in the seller's country.
FCA

Free Carrier

Any mode
Seller's main task
Clears export and delivers to the nominated carrier/place.
Risk transfers
At delivery to the carrier at the named place.
Consider it when
Container and multimodal shipments; often preferable to FOB.
CPT

Carriage Paid To

Any mode
Seller's main task
Pays carriage to the named destination.
Risk transfers
When goods are handed to the first carrier.
Consider it when
Seller quotes freight but buyer can carry transit risk.
CIP

Carriage and Insurance Paid To

Any mode
Seller's main task
CPT plus higher-level cargo insurance for the buyer.
Risk transfers
When goods are handed to the first carrier.
Consider it when
Multimodal or higher-value cargo needs insurance.
DAP

Delivered at Place

Any mode
Seller's main task
Brings goods to destination ready for unloading; buyer imports.
Risk transfers
At destination before unloading.
Consider it when
Seller manages transport but should not act as importer.
DPU

Delivered at Place Unloaded

Any mode
Seller's main task
Delivers after unloading at the named place.
Risk transfers
When unloading is completed.
Consider it when
Seller can safely organise unloading at destination.
DDP

Delivered Duty Paid

Any mode
Seller's main task
Assumes carriage, import clearance and duties—the broadest seller duty.
Risk transfers
Imported goods are presented at destination.
Consider it when
Seller can legally fulfil destination-country import and tax duties.
FAS

Free Alongside Ship

Sea / inland waterway only
Seller's main task
Clears export and delivers alongside the vessel.
Risk transfers
When goods are alongside ship.
Consider it when
Bulk or project cargo; usually not containers.
FOB

Free on Board

Sea / inland waterway only
Seller's main task
Clears export and loads on board.
Risk transfers
When goods are on board at port of shipment.
Consider it when
Traditional sea freight; consider FCA for containers.
CFR

Cost and Freight

Sea / inland waterway only
Seller's main task
Pays freight to destination port; no insurance duty.
Risk transfers
When goods are on board at port of shipment.
Consider it when
Seller pays freight while buyer manages risk and insurance.
CIF

Cost Insurance and Freight

Sea / inland waterway only
Seller's main task
CFR plus minimum marine insurance.
Risk transfers
When goods are on board at port of shipment.
Consider it when
Sea freight with freight and basic insurance from seller.

Cost and responsibility matrix

Incoterms® 2020 Cost Comparison

Compare how the main cost and handling items are allocated to the seller, the buyer or both parties when preparing a quotation.

SellerBuyerShared

Scroll horizontally to view every delivery term.

Incoterms® 2020 Cost Comparison
Cost / Process ItemEXWFCAFOBCFR / CNFCIFDAPDDP
Production & PackingSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Factory LoadingBuyerSharedSharedSharedSharedSharedShared
Inland Transport (Factory → Port)BuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller
Export Customs & DeclarationBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Port / Terminal Charges (THC)BuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
VGMBuyerSharedSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller
Bill of Lading (B/L)BuyerSharedSellerSellerSellerSharedShared
Main Carriage (Freight)BuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSellerSellerSeller
InsuranceBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerBuyerBuyer
Destination Port ChargesBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller
Import CustomsBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSeller
Duties, Taxes & VATBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSeller
Destination Inland TransportBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerSellerSeller

This table is a general comparison. The named place, mode of transport and contract terms clarify the final allocation. CNF is a common market expression for CFR; the official Incoterms® 2020 rule is CFR.

11

Quality, Compliance and Risk

A management system is not a product certificate

ISO 9001 or IATF 16949 demonstrates process discipline; it does not alone prove that every product meets destination rules.

IATF and customer specifics

Automotive supply also requires checking OEM/Tier-1 specifics, PPAP, APQP, FMEA, MSA and traceability.

CE does not apply to every product

CE is used only where relevant EU legislation applies; scope, conformity assessment, technical file and declaration are product-specific.

Contract and product liability

Warranty, recall, change notification, IP, product liability and spare-parts duration should be explicit.

12

Market-Entry Models

01

Direct OEM / Tier-1

High volumes and long approval; quality systems, capacity evidence and pricing discipline are critical.

02

Distributor / importer

Local stock and reach; territory, targets, stock, pricing and exclusivity must be measurable.

03

Aftermarket

Faster entry; catalogue data, cross-reference, packaging, brand and replenishment drive results.

04

Project / special machinery

Engineering-led sale; scope, acceptance testing, commissioning and service boundaries must be clear.

13 · Official Verification Desk

Verify each decision in the right system

These links are starting points for classification, tariffs, origin, market data and delivery rules. Results can vary by product facts, origin, destination and transaction date.

Links checked: 24 July 2026

01HS & Türkiye procedures

Türkiye Ministry of Trade DYS

Gateway to the HS search engine, Easy Export Platform, Export Radar and official services.

Open official tool
02EU tariff & origin

EU Access2Markets

EU import conditions, tariffs, taxes, origin rules, procedures and product requirements.

Open official tool
03EU measure detail

EU TARIC

Code-level access to EU tariffs, quotas, anti-dumping and other customs measures.

Open official tool
04US classification

USITC HTS

Search the US Harmonized Tariff Schedule by product code and tariff line.

Open official tool
05UK tariff

UK Trade Tariff

Look up commodity codes, duty, VAT, quotas and document requirements.

Open official tool
06Trade data

UN Comtrade

Official merchandise-trade data by country, partner, period and HS level.

Open official tool
07Product safety

TAREKS

Türkiye's risk-based electronic product-safety and technical-regulation control system.

Open official tool
08Delivery rule

ICC Incoterms® 2020

Official ICC source and implementation material for the current 11 delivery rules.

Open official tool

14

Separate tool conversion from organic visibility

A Search Console export is not connected to this workspace yet. No clicks, impressions, CTR or position results are shown; the required data structure and conversion events are ready.

Ready on-site events

  • Save landed-cost calculation
  • Print/save project file
  • Save buyer review
  • Contact from sector channel comparison
  • Template and checklist downloads

When Search Console CSV arrives

DateQueryPageCountryDeviceClicksImpressionsCTRAverage position

Last 28 days versus previous 28 days by tool landing page, query cluster, country and device.

Official-source linksPrimary ICC source!User inputs separated!No automatic HS approval

Source and trust system

What is—and is not—verified in this guide?

Prepared by
Ersin İğde · Export specialist
Editorial review
24 July 2026 · Version 3.0
Method
Official-tool routing, source–period records and product-specific verification gates.
Boundary
General planning content; not customs, legal, tax or conformity advice.

Sources and further reading

From Factory to Global Market

Information is checked against official institutions and excavation-team publications.

Let's assess your product and target market

Contact ArkeoExpo for HS classification, buyer profile, quotation structure and market-entry steps.

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