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Info Corner · Archaeology

Archaeology

Explore selected excavation sites in Türkiye through detailed files covering chronology, field methods, finds, daily life and conservation.

Explore on the map ↓Browse by periodCompare excavation files ↘
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Aerial view of the Küçükçekmece lagoon and its Marmara connection, framing harbour and mobility.01Bathonea
Photo and licence: qwesy qwesy · CC BY 3.0 ↗
Megaron remains and protective canopy at Troy, Hisarlık.02Troy
Photo and licence: Giorgio Galeotti · CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗
Pergamon's steep hillside theatre within the misty acropolis landscape.03Pergamon
Photo and licence: Giorgio Galeotti · CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗
The two-storey façade of the Library of Celsus at Ephesus.04Ephesus
Photo and licence: Warren LeMay · CC BY-SA 2.0 ↗
Overview of the excavated Neolithic structures at Karahantepe.05Stone Hills
Photo and licence: Campels · CC0 1.0 ↗
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Prepared by Ersin İğdeLast editorial review: 24 July 2026Author and methodology →

Read each place through chronology, fieldwork, trade networks, belief, daily life and conservation—not simply as a monument.

5 research files
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Geographic reading

See every site in its correct context

Compare five research files using verified WGS84 reference points. Selecting a site updates the map, chronology and field dossier together.

The base map is simplified from Natural Earth country geometry. Markers use the WGS84 coordinate system.

Megaron remains and protective canopy at Troy, Hisarlık.
Megaron remains and protective canopy at Troy, Hisarlık.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web

Selected research file

Troy

A 4,000-year bridge between Anatolia and the Aegean

8-minute read

Troy combines a long settlement sequence, a strategic position near the Dardanelles and the Homeric tradition, making it a key meeting point between archaeology and cultural memory.

Site Profile
Hisarlık, Çanakkale
Reference location
39.958° N · 26.239° E
Chronology
Bronze Age–Roman
Protection / research
UNESCO World Heritage · 1998

Research identity

Excavation and scientific lead

Troy is listed among ÇOMÜ Archaeology Department's official excavation projects under the direction of Prof. Rüstem Aslan.

Excavation / programme
Troy ExcavationsOpen official source Scientific lead
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityOpen official source

The institutional relationship is verified against official project and institution pages.

Open the full site file →↓Field guidePDF · Turkish

02

Comparative reading

Examine excavation sites side by side

Select two or three sites and compare chronology, settlement, architecture, economy, finds, excavation method and conservation.

2/3 · Up to 3 sites
01

Bathonea

Ancient harbour and multi-layered settlement
Location
Lake Küçükçekmece, Istanbul
Chronology
Epipalaeolithic–Ottoman
Settlement type
Harbour and lagoon settlement
Architecture
Harbour works, water structures, workshops and basilical buildings
Economy
Coastal mobility, production, food processing and regional trade
Important finds
Stone finds, ceramics, and evidence for production and water systems
Excavation method
Basin-scale survey, stratigraphic excavation and environmental data
Conservation status
Active excavation; lagoon conditions and urban pressure are monitored together
02

Troy

A 4,000-year bridge between Anatolia and the Aegean
Location
Hisarlık, Çanakkale
Chronology
Bronze Age–Roman
Settlement type
Fortified tell settlement
Architecture
Superimposed walls, gates, megarons, ramp and sanctuaries
Economy
Straits traffic, Aegean–Anatolian exchange and regional production
Important finds
Bronze Age architectural phases, ceramics and defence systems
Excavation method
Microstratigraphy, building phases, geophysics and conservation-led excavation
Conservation status
UNESCO property; visitors, legacy excavation damage and conservation are managed together

03

Chronological context

Not one line, but a layered chronology

Compare each site's strongest research phases. The period filter narrows the map at the same time.

  1. 01
    10th–7th millennia BCEEarly experiments in settled life
  2. 02
    3rd–2nd millennia BCEBronze Age cities and networks
  3. 03
    4th–1st centuries BCEHellenistic kingdoms and urbanism
  4. 04
    1st–7th centuries CERoman and Late Antique change
  5. 05
    7th–19th centuries CEByzantine and Ottoman layers

04

Finds Atlas · First records

Keep every object in context

Each record connects an object or architectural feature to material, date, find context, current location, evidence source and image licence.

Where an inventory number or precise layer cannot be verified in open sources, the record says so explicitly.

05

Archaeology database · Version 1.0

Five files in one extensible data model

Province, coordinates, period, site type, research institution, excavation/conservation status, UNESCO record, update date and official source share one record.

Download JSON dataset ↓JSON · UTF-8 · 5 records
FileProvince / regionCoordinatesPeriodSite typeInstitutionStatusUNESCOLast updatedOfficial source
Bathonea ↗Istanbul · Marmara41.021° N · 28.718° EEpipalaeolithic–OttomanSettlement / tellScientific direction by Kocaeli UniversityActive excavationNot a UNESCO World Heritage propertyOfficial source ↗
Troy ↗Çanakkale · North Aegean39.958° N · 26.239° EBronze Age–RomanSettlement / tellMinistry of Culture and Tourism / Troy MuseumUNESCO World Heritage · 1998World Heritage · 1998Official source ↗
Pergamon ↗İzmir · Aegean39.133° N · 27.185° EHellenistic–OttomanCity / cultural landscapeGerman Archaeological Institute / Ministry of Culture and TourismUNESCO World Heritage · 2014World Heritage · 2014Official source ↗
Ephesus ↗İzmir · Aegean37.939° N · 27.341° ENeolithic–OttomanCity / cultural landscapeAustrian Archaeological Institute / Ministry of Culture and TourismUNESCO World Heritage · 2015World Heritage · 2015Official source ↗
Stone Hills ↗Şanlıurfa · Southeastern AnatoliaŞanlıurfa bölgesel odakc. 9600–8000 BCERegional research networkStone Hills Project / Ministry of Culture and TourismMulti-site research programmeGöbeklitepe World Heritage · 2018; not the whole programmeOfficial source ↗

04

Research dossier

Evidence at a glance

01

UNESCO inscription in 1998

02

4,000 years of urban history

03

8,000 years of settlement in the region

04

Modern excavation began in 1870

05

Field note

A layer-by-layer reading

  1. 01

    Settlement layers

    Successive settlements from Troy I to Roman Ilion show changing walls, gates, houses and public buildings. The mound contains many rebuilt cities, not one single Troy.

    Megaron remains and protective canopy at Troy, Hisarlık.
    Megaron remains and protective canopy at Troy, Hisarlık.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web
  2. 02

    Straits and trade

    Its position connected Anatolia, the Aegean, Balkans and Black Sea through migration, raw materials, seaborne trade and knowledge exchange.

    Stone walls from Troy's superimposed settlement phases at Hisarlık.
    Stone walls from Troy's superimposed settlement phases at Hisarlık.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web
  3. 03

    Homer and archaeology

    The Iliad made Troy globally famous. Archaeology does not simply prove the epic; it tests the Late Bronze Age city, destruction horizons and regional relations through material evidence.

    The modern wooden horse interpretation at Troy, a contemporary representation of the Homeric story.
    The modern wooden horse interpretation at Troy, a contemporary representation of the Homeric story.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web
  4. 04

    History of excavation

    Schliemann publicised the site in 1870 but damaged deposits. Dörpfeld, Blegen and modern teams rebuilt the sequence with increasingly careful stratigraphy, documentation and conservation.

    Troy's stone-paved ramp and the architectural layers around it.
    Troy's stone-paved ramp and the architectural layers around it.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web
  5. 05

    Protection and landscape

    The World Heritage property includes the citadel, lower town and historic setting, requiring research, conservation and visitor management to work together.

    The sanctuary at Troy within its archaeological landscape.
    The sanctuary at Troy within its archaeological landscape.Captured: 2025Photo: Giorgio GaleottiWikimedia Commons ↗CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗Cropped for web

Sources and further reading

Troy

The editorial text is checked against official institutions, excavation teams and World Heritage sources.

World Heritage recordUNESCO – Archaeological Site of Troy ↗

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